MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENE REGULATION IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
gene regulation, transcription factors, epigenetics, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNA, histone modification, DNA methylationAbstract
Gene regulation in eukaryotic cells is a complex and highly coordinated process that ensures the correct expression of genetic information necessary for cell differentiation, development, and adaptation. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic organisms possess multiple layers of gene control mechanisms that operate at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. The main molecular regulators include chromatin remodeling complexes, transcription factors, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Together, these mechanisms form a dynamic network that determines which genes are activated or repressed in a particular cellular context. Errors in gene regulation underlie the molecular pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and developmental syndromes. Understanding the molecular foundation of gene control provides insight into the maintenance of cellular identity and offers new therapeutic opportunities in molecular medicine.
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