EFFECT OF CHITOSAN ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND INSULIN DYNAMICS: A BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
chitosan, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, AMPK, PI3K/Akt, GLUT4, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress, MDA, HOMA-IR.Abstract
This paper analyzes the effects of chitosan on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity within the “intestine–liver–muscle” axis, focusing on key signaling pathways (PI3K/Akt, AMPK) and GLUT4 translocation. Based on a synthesis of the literature and experimental observations, chitosan administered at 250–500 mg/kg was associated with reduced glycemia, decreased HOMA-IR, increased AMPK activity, and enhanced GLUT4 expression/translocation in peripheral tissues. MDA dynamics were included as an oxidative-stress marker to assess the “background factor” contributing to insulin resistance. The findings indicated a relatively more stable metabolic response at approximately 500 mg/kg. Overall, chitosan is characterized as a multi-target metabolic modulator that may contribute to insulin-resistance pathogenesis control by regulating postprandial glucose, enhancing peripheral glucose utilization, and reducing oxidative stress.
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