MODERN METHODS OF RESTORING MUCOCILIARY TRANSPORT IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES (LITERATURE REVIEW)
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Abstract
Mucociliary transport (MCT) plays a key role in the local defense mechanisms of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa, ensuring the removal of microorganisms, dust, and allergens. In inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, such as rhinosinusitis, rhinitis, and polypous rhinosinusitis, mucociliary clearance is impaired due to epithelial damage, changes in the viscoelastic properties of mucus, and suppression of ciliary activity. The aim of this review is to examine modern approaches to restoring and activating mucociliary transport. The analysis includes domestic and international studies focused on pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of correcting mucociliary function. The review discusses drugs affecting mucus quality (mucoregulators, mucolytics), methods of physical stimulation (inhalation therapy, nasal irrigation, physiotherapy), as well as the role of ionic balance and mucosal hydration. It is noted that a comprehensive approach aimed at reducing inflammation and restoring the physiological properties of mucus improves the effectiveness of treatment for both chronic and acute forms of rhinosinusitis. Thus, activation of mucociliary transport represents one of the key directions in the pathogenetic therapy of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
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