BIBI HOJAR – A SPIRITUAL FIGURE AND SAINTLY MOTHER
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This article explores the life and spiritual legacy of Bibi Hojar, a revered saintly woman who lived in Khorezm during the 12th–13th centuries. She is examined not only as the mother of the great Sufi thinker Najm al-Din Kubra, but also as an independent spiritual leader distinguished by asceticism and moral discipline. Furthermore, the article highlights the role of family spiritual upbringing—especially maternal influence—in shaping Najm al-Din Kubra’s personality and the formation of the Kubrawiyya Sufi order.
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