RECONCEPTUALIZING NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS IN TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES: INSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION, SYSTEMIC COORDINATION FAILURES, AND STRATEGIC POLICY DIRECTIONS IN THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
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Innovation is a core driver of sustainable economic growth and competitiveness. In transitional economies, effective National Innovation Systems (NIS) are critical for enabling knowledge-based development. This paper examines the evolution, challenges, and policy directions of Uzbekistan’s NIS within a comparative innovation systems framework. It traces four development stages—legal foundations, institutional structuring, infrastructure expansion, and strategic integration—revealing systemic barriers including institutional fragmentation, weak coordination, information asymmetries, and human capital gaps.
Drawing on national policies and global best practices, the study proposes strengthening legal incentives, institutional integration, information infrastructure, human capital, and international cooperation. The findings highlight how state-driven NIS models must transition toward networked, trust-based, and information-rich ecosystems to accelerate innovation-led development.
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