MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT AND CARE OF ORAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is strongly associated with a wide range of systemic complications, including oral diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, xerostomia, and delayed wound healing. The bidirectional relationship between diabetes and oral health has been widely documented, with poor glycemic control exacerbating oral pathologies and periodontal inflammation worsening glycemic regulation. Modern approaches to treatment and care emphasize an integrated model involving medical, dental, and lifestyle interventions. Advances in pharmacological therapies, such as insulin analogues and oral hypoglycemic agents, have improved metabolic control and reduced oral complications. Additionally, the use of minimally invasive periodontal therapy, antimicrobial mouth rinses, and adjunctive laser treatments has proven beneficial for diabetic patients. Patient-centered care, including individualized oral hygiene education, dietary modifications, and frequent monitoring, plays a crucial role in disease management. Interprofessional collaboration between endocrinologists and dentists is increasingly recognized as vital in providing comprehensive care. This article explores the current evidence-based strategies for managing oral diseases in diabetic patients, focusing on preventive measures, therapeutic interventions, and multidisciplinary care models. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early detection and patient education to improve both oral and systemic outcomes.