EARLY DETECTION AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for nearly 18 million deaths annually. Their impact on public health and healthcare systems underscores the importance of early detection and effective treatment strategies. Early diagnosis is critical, as many cardiovascular conditions develop silently and manifest only in advanced stages. Screening methods such as blood pressure measurement, lipid profiling, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and advanced imaging technologies provide opportunities for early identification of risk factors and subclinical disease. Effective treatment involves a combination of pharmacological therapies, lifestyle modifications, and interventional procedures. Common pharmacological interventions include antihypertensives, statins, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulants, all proven to reduce morbidity and mortality. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as dietary modifications, physical activity, smoking cessation, and stress management, play an equally important role in long-term management. For advanced disease, surgical and interventional methods such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and cardiac rehabilitation programs are vital. This article reviews the current approaches to early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on integrating preventive strategies with evidence-based therapies, aiming to reduce the global burden of CVDs and improve patient outcomes.
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