ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
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Abstract
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), also known as Coronary Artery Disease, is one of the most common and life-threatening cardiovascular disorders worldwide. It occurs when the blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced due to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. The main causes include unhealthy lifestyle habits, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, obesity, diabetes, and stress.
Typical symptoms of IHD are chest pain (angina pectoris), shortness of breath, fatigue, and in severe cases, myocardial infarction.
Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and coronary angiography. Treatment methods involve lifestyle modification, pharmacological therapy (such as antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, and nitrates), and surgical procedures like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Early detection and timely treatment of ischemic heart disease are crucial for preventing complications and improving patients’ quality of life.
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