EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is one of the most widespread chronic diseases, affecting millions of people globally and representing a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and effective prevention strategies play a crucial role in reducing the burden of hypertension on public health. Detecting the condition at an early stage allows timely intervention, which can prevent complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease. Primary prevention strategies include the promotion of healthy lifestyles, such as maintaining a balanced diet low in salt and saturated fats, engaging in regular physical activity, managing stress, and avoiding harmful habits like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Secondary prevention focuses on regular monitoring of blood pressure, early identification of individuals at risk, and adherence to medical recommendations for those already diagnosed. Screening programs in primary healthcare facilities, especially for high-risk groups such as the elderly, individuals with obesity, diabetes, or a family history of hypertension, are essential for early detection. Moreover, raising awareness through educational campaigns can significantly improve public understanding of hypertension and encourage proactive health behaviors. Pharmacological treatment, combined with lifestyle modification, remains the cornerstone of effective management. In conclusion, comprehensive strategies that integrate early diagnosis, lifestyle interventions, and medical treatment can substantially reduce the incidence and consequences of arterial hypertension. Strengthening preventive measures and ensuring access to healthcare services are critical to mitigating the global impact of this condition.