HEMORRHAGIC STROKE: HOW IT HAPPENS, SIGNS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
Main Article Content
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is a serious type of stroke where blood suddenly leaks into the brain tissue (called intracerebral hemorrhage, or ICH) or into the space around the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage, or SAH). It's not as common as the kind caused by blood clots, but it's often more deadly in the short term and can lead to major long-term disabilities. Getting a handle on what causes it and the latest ways to treat it is key to helping people recover better.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.
How to Cite
References
1.Hersh EH, Gologorsky Y, Chartrain AG, et al. Minimally invasive surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018;18(6):34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-018-0836-4.
2.Ma L, Hu X, Song L, et al. The third Intensive Care Bundle with Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT3): an international, stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00806-1.
3.Magid-Bernstein J, Girard R, Polster S, et al. Cerebral hemorrhage: pathophysiology, treatment, and future directions. Circ Res. 2022;130(8):1204–29. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319949.
4.Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.
5.de Oliveira MAL. Surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2749-2.
6.Zheng Z, Wang Q, Sun S, et al. Minimally invasive surgery for intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage. Front Neurol. 2022;13:755501. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.755501.
7.Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9457):387–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17826-X.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
8.Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Rowan EN, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral haematomas (STICH II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):397–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60986-1.
9.Vitt JR, Sun CH, Le Roux PD, et al. Minimally invasive surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2020;26(2):129–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000695.
10.Hanley DF, Thompson RE, Rosenblum M, et al. Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery with thrombolysis in intracerebral haemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE III): a randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10175):1021–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30195-3.
11.Kellner CP, Arthur AS, Bain M, et al. MISTIE III: a big step in the right direction. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019;11(4):326–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-014870.
12.Zhang G, Pan C, Zhang P, et al. Precision of minimally invasive surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage treatment. Brain Hemorrhages. 2020;1(4):200–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hest.2020.11.003.
13.Musa MJ, Carpenter AB, Kellner C, et al. Minimally invasive intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation: a review. Ann Biomed Eng. 2022;50(4):365–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-022-02934-z.
14.Meng F, Zhai F, Zeng B, et al. An automatic markerless registration method for neurosurgical robotics based on an optical camera. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2018;13(2):253–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-017-1675-5.