THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXPECTORANT HERBS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airway inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance, and excessive production of viscous bronchial secretions. These pathophysiological mechanisms contribute significantly to chronic cough, airflow limitation, and recurrent exacerbations, leading to a substantial decline in patients’ quality of life. Although conventional pharmacological therapy, including bronchodilators and mucolytics, remains the cornerstone of COPD management, long-term treatment may be associated with adverse effects, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. This has stimulated growing interest in complementary therapeutic approaches.

The present review analyzes current scientific evidence regarding the use of medicinal plants with expectorant, mucolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties as adjunctive therapy in COPD. Special attention is given to Glycyrrhiza glabra, Plantago major, Thymus vulgaris, and Tussilago farfara, which have been traditionally used in respiratory disorders and are supported by pharmacological and clinical data. The mechanisms of action, clinical relevance, and safety aspects of these phytotherapeutic agents are critically discussed. The available evidence suggests that rational integration of expectorant medicinal plants into standard COPD treatment regimens may contribute to symptom relief, improved sputum clearance, and enhanced quality of life, provided that safety considerations are carefully addressed.