CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR PERSPECTIVES IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: FOCUS ON DIABETES AND THYROID DISEASES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/Keywords:
endocrinology, hormonal disorders, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, adrenal glands, hormone replacement therapyAbstract
Endocrinology, the study of hormones and their physiological effects, plays a central role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various metabolic and systemic disorders. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the key endocrine disorders, recent diagnostic methods, and therapeutic innovations. It highlights the importance of integrating clinical practice with laboratory advances to improve patient outcomes.
References
1.American Diabetes Association. (2024). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 47(Suppl 1).
2.European Society of Endocrinology. (2023). Clinical Practice Guidelines on Hypothyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol.
3.Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al. (2020). Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th ed. McGraw-Hill.
4.Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM. (2022). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Elsevier.
5.WHO. (2021). Global report on diabetes. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.
